Kisspeptin Compound

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Kisspeptin References

Every study summarized on this site, with its DOI and PubMed link.

Read the researchSee the mechanism

About these Kisspeptin references

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the numbered Kisspeptin references below. Each entry carries its authors, journal, year, and a DOI or PubMed identifier so any reader — human or machine — can verify the source directly. The list spans the foundational genetics, the cellular electrophysiology, the human Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials, the KNDy pulse-generator work, and the relevant reviews. Where a citation supports a safety caution rather than an efficacy finding, that is noted on the Kisspeptin effects page where the caution appears.

  1. Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1614-1627. ↗
  2. Liu X, Lee K, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels. Endocrinology. 2008;149(9):4605-4614. ↗
  3. George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, et al. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(8):E1228-E1236. ↗
  4. Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(6):E953-E961. ↗
  5. Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(9):3322-3331. ↗
  6. Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, et al. Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans. EBioMedicine. 2025;115:105689. ↗
  7. Velmurugan H, Mannava AS, Thangaraju P, Neelambaran K. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1313-1322. ↗
  8. Goodman RL, et al. Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin act in the arcuate nucleus to control activity of the GnRH pulse generator in ewes. Endocrinology. 2013;154(11):4259-4269. ↗
  9. Uenoyama Y, Inoue N, Nakamura S, Tsukamura H. Role of KNDy neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A as a GnRH pulse generator controlling mammalian reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:724632. ↗
  10. Hu KL, Chang HM, Li R, et al. The role of kisspeptin in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:925206. ↗
  11. Rance NE, Dacks PA, Mittelman-Smith MA, et al. Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: a novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013;34(3):211-227. ↗
  12. Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, et al. Kisspeptin in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:942664. ↗
  13. Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, Ma D, et al. Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1761-1766. ↗
  14. Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, et al. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(11):4315-4323. ↗
  15. Sato K, et al. Potent vasoconstrictor kisspeptin-10 induces atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability: reversal by its receptor GPR54 antagonist. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):e005790. ↗
  16. Dhillo WS, Murphy KG, Bloom SR. The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007;8(1):41-46. ↗
  17. Mills EG, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:dgaf128. ↗
  18. Mills EG, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B neuroendocrine pathways in the control of human ovulation. J Neuroendocrinol. 2024;e13371. ↗