# Kisspeptin References: The Peer-Reviewed Literature Cited

> Kisspeptin references — the full peer-reviewed citation list behind this digest, with DOIs and PubMed links for every study summarized.

Every study summarized on this site, with its DOI and PubMed link.

## About these Kisspeptin references

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the numbered Kisspeptin references below. Each entry carries its authors, journal, year, and a DOI or PubMed identifier so any reader — human or machine — can verify the source directly. The list spans the foundational genetics, the cellular electrophysiology, the human Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials, the KNDy pulse-generator work, and the relevant reviews. Where a citation supports a safety caution rather than an efficacy finding, that is noted on the [Kisspeptin effects](/effects) page where the caution appears.

## References

[1] Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1614-1627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/
[2] Liu X, Lee K, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels. Endocrinology. 2008;149(9):4605-4614. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/
[3] George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, et al. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(8):E1228-E1236. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/
[4] Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(6):E953-E961. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/
[5] Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(9):3322-3331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/
[6] Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, et al. Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans. EBioMedicine. 2025;115:105689. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40215751/
[7] Velmurugan H, Mannava AS, Thangaraju P, Neelambaran K. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1313-1322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/
[8] Goodman RL, et al. Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin act in the arcuate nucleus to control activity of the GnRH pulse generator in ewes. Endocrinology. 2013;154(11):4259-4269. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23959940/
[9] Uenoyama Y, Inoue N, Nakamura S, Tsukamura H. Role of KNDy neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A as a GnRH pulse generator controlling mammalian reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:724632. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34566891/
[10] Hu KL, Chang HM, Li R, et al. The role of kisspeptin in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:925206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35837314/
[11] Rance NE, Dacks PA, Mittelman-Smith MA, et al. Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: a novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013;34(3):211-227. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23872331/
[12] Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, et al. Kisspeptin in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:942664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928889/
[13] Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, Ma D, et al. Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1761-1766. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665093/
[14] Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, et al. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(11):4315-4323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/
[15] Sato K, et al. Potent vasoconstrictor kisspeptin-10 induces atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability: reversal by its receptor GPR54 antagonist. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):e005790. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28411243/
[16] Dhillo WS, Murphy KG, Bloom SR. The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007;8(1):41-46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17323132/
[17] Mills EG, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:dgaf128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/
[18] Mills EG, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B neuroendocrine pathways in the control of human ovulation. J Neuroendocrinol. 2024;e13371. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38404024/

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An instrument-precise reading of the kisspeptin literature, logged study by study with the KISS1R-agonist mechanism and the investigational status held in plain view — no clinic behind the console and nothing here dosed, prescribed, or sold.